Karakteristik Gangguan Dengar Sensorineural Kongenital pada Anak yang Dideteksi dengan Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry

Abstract

Hearing loss is one of the most common congenital anomalies, therefore early detection and rehabilitation might enhance speech ability. The purpose of this study was to explore the clinical and sociological characteristics of congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss. Subjects were children who suffered from congenital bilateral sensorineural hearing loss diagnosed by brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital from period of April 2002–April 2005. Data obtained retrospectively from patient’s record and presented descriptively. There were 286 children included in the study consisted of 149 (52.1%) males and 137 (47.9%) females. More (58.8%) children were detected by BERA at age of >1–3 years. Children’s age that first suspected to have hearing disorder was between 5 months and 14 years old. The delay between suspected and diagnosis was 82 (28.7%) <6 months, 72 (25.2%) between >6 months–<1 year, 70 (24.4%) between >1–<2 years. There were 52.1% (149) subjects came from urban area and 45.1% (129) of them were referred by otolaryngology-head and neck surgery specialists. The degrees of hearing loss were severe 181 (63,3%) and profound 96 (33.6%). Most cases (71%) were symmetrical. The cause of hearing loss in 51.1% of children couldn’t be determined, 13.6% were premature/low birth weight, 13.6% asphyxia, 8.7% hyperbilirubinemia, and 7.3% rubella. Conclusions, age of children when suspected to have hearing disorder is still high. Early detection needs knowledge from health provider officer, society, and prevention of the risk factors.