An Overview of the Role of Medicinal Plants in Parkinson’s Disease: A Semi-Systematic Review

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a complex nervous system disorder characterized by the gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons, leading to disturbances in movement, such as resting tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia, or akinesia; postural issues; and freezing (motor block). Due to the limitations and side effects of current pharmacological treatments, there is a growing interest in investigating the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants. Methods: A semi-systematic review was conducted using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus as main databases, identifying original research articles, systematic reviews, and relevant preclinical or clinical studies published between January 2000 and December 2024. We selected seven plants primarily for their neuroprotective effects, supported by preclinical and animal data. Only articles in English were included in the study. Results: Seventeen articles were included in the study. The results showed that Curcuma longa, Gastrodia elata blume, Ginkgo biloba, Paeonia alba radix, Pueraria lobata, Scutellaria baicalensis, and Withania somnifera have a neuroprotective role, capable of slowing down the progression of PD with different mechanisms of action, ranging from restorative properties of neurons. Conclusions: Developing new drugs based on the respective herb compounds/extracts and herbal formulas is a promising avenue for complementary therapies for PD. However, further preclinical and clinical studies are required to confirm their safety, efficacy, bioavailability, and dosage.