Nano-basic silica as an efficient catalyst for the multi-component preparation of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives

Abstract

A high-yield protocol is explored for the synthesis of pyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidines through the multi-component reaction of aromatic aldehydes, 1,3-Dimethylbarbituric acid, and malononitrile using nano-basic silica as an efficient catalyst. The method tolerates various electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the aromatic ring. Nano-basic silica was characterized by field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The particles of nano-basic silica have uniform spheres with sizes that are <100 nm. XRD pattern shows that nano-basic silica is amorphous. The specific surface area and pore volume distribution of nano-basic silica are 663 m2g-1 and 0.634 cm3g-1, respectively.