Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Formamidinium Lead Iodide Thermal Decomposition

Abstract

We report the results of a multi-technique study on the thermodynamics and kinetics of formamidinium lead iodide (FAPI) thermal decomposition. Thermodynamics was investigated by means of Knudsen effusion techniques. Kinetics was studied either by temperature-controlled powder X-ray diffraction or by two isoconversional treatments of differential scanning calorimetry data. FAPI appears to be much more thermally stable compared to methylammonium lead iodide, as predictable from the lower acidity of the formamidinium cation compared to methylammonium. The chemical processes responsible for its thermal degradation appear to be quite complex as highlighted by the composition of the gaseous phase evolved during the process. The apparent activation energy values of the decomposition obtained from X-ray diffraction (XRD) (112 ± 9 kJ/mol) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements (205 ± 20 and 410 ± 20 kJ/mol, respectively, for the first and second decomposition steps identified by the deconvolution procedure) reflect the different steps of the process observed by the two techniques. The thermodynamic properties of the more important decomposition channels and the enthalpy of formation of FAPI were estimated by combining the results of Knudsen effusion measurements.