Investigating the Validity Issue of Extended Time for Students with Blindness in Tests Involving Complex Tables

Abstract

Introduction: This study investigated the effectiveness of changes in the test format (braille and tactile tables) and time extensions (1.5× or 2×) for tests with complex tables for students with blindness. Additionally, it examined the challenges associated with the current test accommodations for students who are blind and explored practical strategies and considerations for educators teaching tactile table reading to these students. Methods: Forty students (20 with blindness and 20 with sight) aged 16–26 years participated. Four tasks containing print for students with sight and braille and tactile tables for students with blindness were administered. The completion time for each task was measured. The portion of students who could complete the tests within each time extension range was calculated. The traits of braille readers were quantitatively analyzed. Results: Although 70% of students finished the braille task (Task 1) within 1.5× and 100% within 2×, none could complete other complex table tasks (Tasks 2–4) within these time extensions. Significant individual variations in reading speed were observed in all table reading tasks, with no correlation between Task 1 and the other three tasks. Discussion: Findings suggest that current time extension recommendations may be inadequate for students who are blind and who need to interpret complex tables. Individual reading speed differences and a lack of correlation between braille and tactile table reading may be attributed to the complex haptic system and skills required for tactile table comprehension. Implications for Practitioners: The findings highlight the need for recognizing the shortfalls of current test accommodations for students with blindness. In addition, systematic instruction for tactile table reading, independent of braille reading, may be necessary to improve the reading skills of students with blindness.