Therapeutic Stimulation of Glycolytic ATP Production for Treating ROS-Mediated Cellular Senescence

Abstract

Cellular senescence is conditioned through two interrelated processes, i.e., a reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and the enhancement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production levels in mitochondria. ATP shortages primarily influence the energy-intensive synthesis of large biomolecules, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). In addition, as compared to small biomolecules, large biomolecules are more prone to ROS-mediated damaging effects. Based on the available evidence, we suggest that the stimulation of anaerobic glycolytic ROS-independent ATP production could restrain cellular senescence. Consistent with this notion, non-drug related intermittent hypoxia (IH)-based therapy could be effectively applied in sports medicine, as well as for supporting the physical activity of elderly patients and prophylactics of various age-related disorders. Moreover, drug therapy aiming to achieve the partial blockade of respiratory chain and downstream compensatory glycolysis enhancement could prove to be useful for treating cardiovascular, neurological and hormonal diseases. We maintain that non-drug/drug-related therapeutic interventions applied in combination over the entire lifespan could significantly rejuvenate and prolong a high quality of life for individuals.