N-triterpene saponins in cancer therapy: A review of mode of action

Abstract

Saponins are commonly found in higher plant parts, particularly in roots, tubers, leaves, and seeds, but N-triterpene saponins are rarely found in nature. Here, we focus on molecular structures and anticancer properties particularly in synergistic effects of toxicity, ion channel inhibitory, and opioid receptor modulatory effects of N-triterpene saponins.