NiO nanoparticle decorated on single-wall carbon nanotubes and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate for sensitive raloxifene sensor

Abstract

In this study, carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified with NiO/SWCNTs and 1-butyl-4-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (1B4MPTFB) was used for the effective determination of raloxifene as a sensor. The use of NiO/SWCNTs and 1B4MPTFB in the electrode matrix showed great conductivity for electro-oxidation of raloxifene and nanomolar determination of raloxifene in buffering the solution. The CPE/NiO/SWCNTs/1B4MPTFB improved the oxidation current of raloxifene and reduced the oxidation overvoltage compared to an unmodified sensor. The CPE/NiO/SWCNTs/1B4MPTFB showed a linear dynamic range of 0.03–520 μM with a detection limit of 7.0 nM using the square-wave voltammetric method. The CPE/NiO/SWCNTs/1B4MPTFB showed good sensitivity for the analysis of raloxifene in table and pharmaceutical serum samples. The obtained data for real samples analysis were checked with other analytical method and statistical tests such as F-test and t-test were used for study the accuracy of data.