Competing-risks model for predicting the prognosis of penile cancer based on the SEER database

Abstract

Objectives: This study performed a competing-risks analysis using data from the SEER database on penile cancer patients with the aim of identifying more accurate prognostic factors. Methods: Data on patients with penile cancer were extracted from the SEER database. A univariate analysis used the cumulative incidence function and Gray's test, while multivariate analysis was performed using the Fine-Gray model. Cumulative hazards were compared with a competing-risks model constructed using Kaplan-Meier estimation. Results: The multivariate Fine-Gray analysis indicated that being black (HR = 1.51, 95%CI: 1.10-2.07, P =.01), AJCC stage II (HR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.36-2.77, P 5 cm (HR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.33-3.72, P