Production of activated carbon from corn cobs and mango kernels via H 3 PO 4 activation and mediated hydrothermal treatment

Abstract

In this study, the activated carbon produced from mango kernels and corn cobs by impregnating the hydrothermally treated raw materials with 85% H 3 PO 4 were characterize for their physical surface morphology and types of surface functional groups using SEM and FT-ir, respectively. Six samples of activated carbon were submerged for 1 hour, the second sample for 2 hours, and the third sample for 3 hours. SEM results showed that both KAC (Kernel Activated Carbon) and CAC (Corn Activated Carbon) had increasing roughness and irregularity along with residence time of the samples. Results from FT-ir (Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) testing of the mango kernels samples showed that a C-O stretch, C-H, C=O stretch, and C-N stretch on the surface. While corncobs consist of C-H bend, and O-H bend for the 1-HR sample. The 2-HR and 3-HR samples consist of C-O stretch, C-H wag, C-N stretch. Analysis of the relationship between residence time and adsorptive capacity was done using AAS via batch adsorption in a tri-metal solution of Cu(Copper), Ni(Nickel), and Pb(Lead) with results that showed CAC and KAC, with soaking time of 3 hours is a good adsorbent of Copper and Nickel, while soaking time of 2 hours yields the best adsorption conditions for both CAC and KAC.