Investigating the Environmental Footprint of Solar and Wind Energy Systems

Abstract

The increasing global demand for energy necessitates a clean and reliable energy supply for sustainable development. Solar and wind energy, which are rapidly expanding, can play a significant role in meeting countries' emissions reduction targets. Before the construction of solar or wind plants, it is crucial to thoroughly investigate their environmental impact. This study conducts a comprehensive review of literature to summarize how solar and wind energy systems affect factors such as land use, water consumption, biodiversity, visual and noise impacts, health considerations, and microclimate effects. While the benefits of these renewable energies are substantial, there may be negative perceptions hindering their widespread adoption in certain regions. This review provides a critical and comprehensive analysis of the environmental impact of solar and wind energy, serving as a valuable resource for conducting thorough environmental impact assessments. It also offers insights for developers, policymakers, and decision-makers involved in planning future solar and wind projects.