Maternal hypoglycaemia on the 50 g oral glucose challenge test - evaluation of obstetric and neonatal outcomes

Abstract

Objectives: To discuss obstetric and neonatal outcomes of maternal hypoglycaemia observed after the 50 g oral glucose challenge test. Material and methods: A retrospective evaluation was made of the results of patients at 24-28 weeks gestation of a live singleton pregnancy who underwent a 50 g OGCT at the Health Sciences University Gazi Yasargil Training and Research Hospital, between September 2016 and August 2017. In the 50 g OGCT, 1-hour blood glucose results were divided into Low OGCT ( < 90 mg/dL) and Normal OGCT (90-139 mg/dL). The groups were compared in respect of obstetrics and neonatal outcomes. Results: Of 2623 pregnant patients applied with the 50 g OGCT, blood glucose was < 140 mg/dL in 77.16% (n = 2024), with 11.9% (n = 312) in the Low OGCT group, and the remaining 65.26% (n = 1712) in the Normal OGCT group. Based on the comparison of the groups, the SGA rate was 7% in the Low OGCT group and 4% in the Normal OGCT group; the 5th minute APGAR score was < 7 in 2% of the Low OGCT group and in 1% of the Normal OGCT group, while caesarean section rates were 25% and 32% respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the study showed a significant association between maternal hypoglycaemia and increased SGA rate, decreased 5-minute APGAR scores and reduced caesarean section rates, and this relationship should be confirmed with further comprehensive studies.