Greater proportion of patients report an acceptable symptom state after ACL reconstruction compared with non-surgical treatment: a 10-year follow-up from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry

Abstract

Objectives To compare the proportion of patients with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury reporting an acceptable symptom state, between non-surgical and surgical treatment during a 10-year follow-up. Methods Data were extracted from the Swedish National Knee Ligament Registry. Exceeding the Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS) for the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) was the primary outcome. The PASS and KOOS 4 (aggregated KOOS without the activities of daily living (ADL) subscale) were compared cross-sectionally at baseline and 1, 2, 5 and 10 years after ACL injury, where patients treated non-surgically were matched with the maximum number of patients with ACL reconstruction for age, sex and activity at injury. Results The non-surgical group consisted of 982 patients, who were each matched against 9 patients treated with ACL reconstruction (n=8,838). A greater proportion of patients treated with ACL reconstruction exceeded the PASS in KOOS pain, ADL, sports and recreation, and quality of life compared with patients treated non-surgically at all follow-ups. With respect to quality of life, significantly more patients undergoing ACL reconstruction achieved a PASS compared with patients receiving non-surgical treatment at all follow-ups except at baseline, with differences ranging between 11% and 25%; 1 year-25.4 (-29.1;-21.7), 2 years-16.9 (-21.2;-12.5), 5 years-11.0 (-16.9;-5.1) and 10 years-24.8 (-36.0;-13.6). The ACL-reconstructed group also reported statistically greater KOOS 4 at all follow-ups. Conclusion A greater proportion of patients treated with ACL reconstruction report acceptable knee function, including higher quality of life than patients treated non-surgically at cross-sectional follow-ups up to 10 years after the treatment of an ACL injury.