Renal Cell Carcinoma in Humans and Animals: A Brief Literature Review

Abstract

Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common primary renal neoplasm in humans and domestic animals such as dogs, cats and horses. Various subtypes are recognized in both humans and animals. Advances in biomedical sciences have developed hitherto unprecedented extraordinary cancer therapeutic options varying from sophisticated surgery to immunotherapy and gene therapy. Treatment regimens employed, response to treatments and prognosis vary based on the subtypes of RCC, degree of malignancy, metastasis and stage of the neoplasm. Surgery is the main treatment for most RCCs. Drug resistance has long been a challenge in cancer treatment. New insights in cancer treatment such as molecular targeted therapy including nano-medicine against chemo-resistance are among the contemporary developments targeting cancers. This mini review highlights on the occurrence and significance of RCC in humans and animals, briefly summarizes the various subtypes reported and the treatment regimens executed.