Ketokohan dan Sumbangan Sultan Abdul Hamid II Sebagai Khalifah Terakhir Dawlah Uthmaniyyah Berlandaskan Prinsip al-Quran dan al-Sunnah

Abstract

The leadership and contribution of the final caliph of Ottoman, Sultan Abdul Hamid II are undisputable. A large number of innovations have been made during his 33 years of administration including economics, transportation, communications, education and more. Not to be overlooked is his greatest contribution to the Muslim world when he became the custodian of the first Qibla of Muslims that is al-Aqsa Mosque of the Palestinian land. This study examines the leadership and contribution of Sultan Abdul Hamid II as the last caliph of Ottoman before the fall of the Caliphate system in 1922 through historical method. His leadership is scrutinized in many aspects such as economics when he succeeded in reducing debt levels to just one tenth of total debt. Moreover, his policies in dealing with the Zionist Jewish conspiracy to control Palestine also put pressure on the enemy. Despite the fact that the Ottoman state was unstable, Sultan Abdul Hamid II was able to continue the caliphate legacy under his rule until 1909.