Parameters related to seawater conditions and electrodeposition setting on the growth of formation of calcareous deposit: A review

Abstract

Alternative methods of making concrete are being developed due to the inevitable depletion of sand, the main ingredient of concrete. Calcareous deposit obtained from the electrodeposition of natural seawater has been recognised to have strengths higher than concrete, making it potential alternative concrete. The various parameter that affect the growth of calcareous deposits have been widely studied by researchers. There is quite an extensive list of parameters that is said to may or may not have affected the growth and formation of calcareous deposits. The parameters include current, current density, seawater chemistry, salinity, temperature, depth, rotation speed (sea current), applied potential, pH, and flow characteristics. This mini review compiles the effect of each parameter on calcareous deposits in terms of the growth and formation of calcareous deposits, the type of mineral formed, and the amount of yield formed.