Miniscrews and Mini-Implants Success Rates in Orthodontic Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Several Clinical Parameters

Abstract

Study selection criteria The selection criteria were as follows: • human studies with minimum samples sizes of 5 (In vitro studies, animal studies, case reports, technique articles, opinion papers reviews and in-vitro studies were excluded). • randomized controlled trial and nonrandomized studies with low or moderate risk of bias. • implants with a diameter <2.5 mm (larger implants would not classify for specific orthodontic indications, e.g., interradicular positioning). • orthodontic forces acting for a minimum of 3 months. Success was selected as the primary outcome. An orthodontic mini-implant was considered successful when it could be loaded with orthodontic forces and fulfill its anchorage objectives during a minimum period of 4 months. Orthodontic mini-implants, that were lost or had become unusable, were considered to be failures. This