PHYTOCHEMICALS, ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES, AND TOXICITY EVALUATION OF SEVERAL FRACTIONS OF Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc. LEAVES

Abstract

Scorodocarpus borneensis Becc is an ancient tree in Borneo island, that produces a unique odor like garlic. Thus, it is utilized to enhance food flavor by the locals. This study investigated phytochemical compounds, antioxidant activity, and toxicity of the S. borneensis leaves fractions. The fractions were prepared using several gradient elutions in the sequence: n-hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol, and 70% methanol. Phytochemicals were observed qualitatively toward the presence of phenol, alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, and terpenoid; quantitatively conducted toward phenolic, flavonoid, and alkaloid contents. DPPH free radical scavenging activity method was conducted to identify the antioxidant activity. The BSLT Test determined the toxicity. The result revealed that all the leaves' fractions showed the absence of terpenoids. The rest of the phytochemicals screened positively in all fractions. The ethyl acetate fraction owned the most prominent phenolic, alkaloid, and flavonoid content (614.86 ± 35.82 mg GAE/g, 462.25 ± 5.12 mg BE/g 271.67 ± 1.30 mg QE/g of extracts, respectively). The antioxidant activity (IC50 value) varied from 100.24 ± 19.69 to 237.89 ± 2.66 μg/mL. All fractions obtained were classified as non-toxic, except methanol fraction showed low toxicity against nauplii of Artemia salina L.