Utilization of Multi-Mission Satellite Altimetry for Wave Energy with Site Suitability Analysis using the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Abstract

Space technology advancements have enabled the acquisition of marine data that support the research on wave energy as an alternative to reduce fossil fuel dependency and mitigate climate change. Malaysia's ocean renewable energy potential lacks attention from local authorities due to insufficient in-situ data, posing challenges in investigating ocean characteristics, such as wave heights. This study investigated Malaysia's wave energy potential using extensive significant wave height data from multiple altimetry missions. The former assessed site suitability using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) multicriteria analysis, incorporating marine constraints, namely socioeconomic, physical, and environmental factors. The multicriteria findings were integrated into a Geographical Information System (GIS) to improve the site suitability analysis and generate a localized suitability index for wave energy. Validation of satellite altimeter data with in-situ measurements showed a strong correlation and low RMSE. AHP analysis indicated good consistency in the criteria analysis, with a consistency ratio of 0.045, which falls below the limit of 0.1. The coastal and offshore regions of the Malaysian seas are suitable for harnessing wave energy with energy ranges up to 4.21 kW/m. Therefore, this study provides valuable information to stakeholders and the government to increase their interest in wave energy.