Technical note: Comparison of simultaneously applied chamber-based gas flux measurements from arable soils using gas chromatography (static chamber) and mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (dynamic chamber)

Abstract

For the study of soil-atmosphere exchange of greenhouse gases, a commonly adopted method is to monitor the change of gas concentrations in closed chambers. Accurate determination of CO2, CH4, and N2O concentrations is therefore essential for reliable flux estimations. This study compares two techniques to determine these gas concentrations: Gas Chromatography (GC) and mid-infrared laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS). We compared both techniques by carrying out simultaneous chamber measurements under field conditions on two separate days covering a range of fluxes. The GC method involved syringe sampling into gas-tight vials and subsequent laboratory analysis. In contrast to that, a LAS analyzer was directly connected to the chambers (tubing system) and thus enabled real-time, high-temporal resolution data. We calculated gas fluxes based on GC- and LAS-derived concentration measurements, using seven distinct flux calculation setups, including systematic variations in chamber enclosure times (30, 20 and 10 min) for LAS data. Across both measurement days, the comparison resulted in a high level of agreement for determined CO2 fluxes with a normalized Root Mean Square Error (nRMSE): 5.79 %–16.70 %. A high level of agreement between the methods was also observed for N2O fluxes (nRMSE: 14.63 %–24.64 %). In contrast, there was a comparatively low agreement between methods for CH4 fluxes (nRMSE: 88.42 %–94.54 %). N2O and CH4 fluxes highlighted the superior precision of LAS, as it detected significant fluxes (> minimum detectable flux) that were not significant with GC. For CH4 this explains the low agreement between methods regarding arable soils that are dominated by (low) CH4-consumption fluxes.