Obesidad visceral, razón masa grasa/masa muscular y dislipidemia aterogénica: Estudio transversal realizado en Riobamba, Ecuador

Abstract

Introduction: The distribution and composition of fat mass is associated with different metabolic risks. The predominance of brown visceral fat is associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as: high triglycerides and apolipoprotein B, increased LDL cholesterol, ratio triglycerides/ low HDL cholesterol elevated (atherogenic dyslipidemia indicator), insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia and cardiovascular risk (CVR). Sarcopenia and obesity may act synergistically in functional and metabolic disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between visceral obesity, fat mass/muscular mass ratio and atherogenic dyslipidemia in adult individuals in order to determine the association pattern between these variables and set strategies for focused attention. Material and Methods: In a sample of 307 subjects of both sexes (21-71 years) there was measured atherogenic dyslipidemia as the ratio of triglyceride/HDL cholesterol, visceral obesity measured by bio impedance as the relative score of visceral fat, and the ratio fat mass/lean mass. Results: A cluster analysis was performed to establish the structure of association between these variables with different risk groups. Three groups were identified: the first had visceral obesity with an average relative level of visceral fat of 13.6, the second group with an average of 8.9 and in the third group were placed individuals with the lowest visceral obesity score averaging 6.5. As for the fat mass/lean mas ratio the first two groups had a similar average of this index with a value of 1.56 and 1.69 respectively and the third group with the lowest average value of 1.3. Group 1 presented visceral obesity and impaired fat mass/lean mass ratio and had a high value of triglyceride/HDL ratio 4.1. Group 2 without visceral obesity and a deterioration in the relative fat mass/lean mass ratio had a triglyceride/HDL cholesterol of 3.6 and Group 3; not recorded visceral obesity or impaired fat mass/lean mass ratio had the lowest triglycerides/lower HDL ratio: 1.9. Conclusions: It can be said that visceral obesity and the decrease in lean mass relative or absolute in relation to fat mass represents a high cardiovascular risk associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk.