Influence of high fall-related self-efficacy on falls due to dissociation with ADL among elderly women in nursing homes

Abstract

Aim: We examined the influence of high fall-related self-efficacy on falls due to dissociation with activities of daily living (ADL) among elderly women in nursing homes. Methods: We enrolled 72 female nursing home residents who were 70 years old or over and who scored 18 or higher on the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Subjects were classified into three groups based on the relationship between ADL and fall-related self-efficacy derived from a scattergram of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor items and Falls Efficacy Scale (FES). The three groups were: group I which had low ADL and high fall-related self-efficacy (n = 25); group II which had high ADL and low fall-related self-efficacy (n = 30); and group III which had a correlation of ADL and fall- related self-efficacy in the 95% confidence interval (n = 17). Then, we investigated the incidence of falls and the number of falls after 6 months in the three groups. The risk factor of falls was also investigated using multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: The incidence and number of falls were significantly different in the three groups after 6 months. Moreover, the incidence of those falling was significantly different between group I and group III. The occurrence of falls was also significantly related with a past history of falls, FES, and group I which had low ADL and high fall-related self-efficacy. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the risk of falling increases in the presence of excessive fall-related self-efficacy dissociated from ADL.