Cost-effectiveness of a digitally enabled cardiac rehabilitation programme for patients with coronary heart disease

Abstract

AIMS: This study aimed to explore the long-term cost-effectiveness of a nationally implemented, digitally enabled cardiac rehabilitation (DeCR) programme for patients admitted for coronary heart disease (CHD)., METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis, using a Markov model to compare DeCR with usual care. Coronary heart disease patients were recruited nationally post-hospitalization into an 8-week DeCR programme comprising telehealth consultations and a mobile app. Index hospitalization and rehospitalization costs were sourced from private hospital administrative insurance claims, and intervention delivery was micro-costed. Quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) were derived from EQ-5D-5L utility scores collected in the DeCR group and literature-based estimates for usual care. Costs and QALYS were modelled over a 5-year time horizon and discounted at 3% annually. Costs and QALYs were based on average values per patient, rather than being driven by sample sizes. Uncertainty was assessed using one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses, with a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of AUD$50 000 per QALY. Of the 337 patients (DeCR: 88; usual care: 249), most were male (73%), aged >=65 years (70%) with multimorbidity (Charlson Comorbidity Index >= 1: 61%). Digitally enabled cardiac rehabilitation yielded 4.677 QALYs at a cost of AUD$121,235, compared with 3.244 QALYs at AUD$100 733 for usual care. The incremental cost of AUD$20 503 resulted in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of AUD$14 302 (9082) per QALY gained, well below the WTP threshold. Key ICER drivers included mortality risk, proportion of usual care attending cardiac rehabilitation, and DeCR utility gained. Digitally enabled cardiac rehabilitation was cost-effective in 87% of simulations., CONCLUSION: Digitally enabled cardiac rehabilitation is a cost-effective alternative to usual care, offering improved health outcomes at an acceptable cost. Copyright © The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology.