Inference errors in deductive reasoning

Abstract

Recent experimental research on logical reasoning has focused on a limited number of tasks. The present study reports normative data for college students on the Inference Test, a different type of task and a marker test for the factor of logical reasoning. Six difficult items are identified, and factors that might account for the errors are discussed. These factors include over-generalization, extrapolation, addition of information, and erroneous integration of information. More general issues, such as the failure to accept the deductive task and failure to consider alternative possibilities, are noted. In the main, these tendencies are consistent with the findings of other studies of logical reasoning. © 1980, The Psychonmic Society, Inc.. All rights reserved.