Evaluation of Serum Vitamin D Levels and its Association with Increased Risk of Pressure Ulcer among Non-Ambulatory Patients

Abstract

Background: Pressure ulcers are a significant health concern for non-ambulatory patients, often resulting from prolonged immobility. Vitamin D, recognized for its role in skin health and wound healing, may influence the development of these ulcers. This study examines the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and the prevalence of pressure ulcers in individuals unable to walk or move independently. Objective: To explore the association between serum Vitamin D levels and the risk of pressure ulcers, aiming to contribute to the literature and improve patient outcomes through evidence-based healthcare practices. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Sheikh Zayed Hospital and Bahria International Hospital, Lahore, from August 2023 to January 2024. Seventy non-ambulatory patients were recruited using a non-probability convenient sampling method. The Braden scale was employed to assess pressure ulcer severity, and serum vitamin D levels were measured through blood samples. Results: Participants had a mean age of 38.5 years (SD = 6.27) and a mean non-ambulatory duration of 13.72 days (SD = 5.22). Gender distribution was 55.7% female and 44.3% male. Historical pressure ulcer incidence was 10%. The leading reasons for hospitalization were stroke (28.6%), neuromuscular conditions (31.4%), and road traffic accidents (38.6%). A significant positive correlation was found between Braden scale scores and vitamin D levels (11.91 ± 3.40 and 11.40 ± 3.40 respectively, Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.71, p < 0.01). Conclusion: There is a significant association between low serum vitamin D levels and an increased risk of developing pressure ulcers in non-ambulatory patients, supporting the need for vigilant monitoring and management of vitamin D levels.