PIN-FORMED and PIN-LIKES auxin transport facilitators

Abstract

The phytohormone auxin influences virtually all aspects of plant growth and development. Auxin transport across membranes is facilitated by among other proteins members of the PIN-FORMED (PIN) and the structurally similar PIN-LIKES (PILS) families which together govern directional cell-to-cell transport and intracellular accumulation of auxin. Canonical PIN proteins which exhibit a polar localization in the plasma membrane determine many patterning and directional growth responses. Conversely the less-studied noncanonical PINs and PILS proteins which mostly localize to the endoplasmic reticulum attenuate cellular auxin responses. Here and in the accompanying poster we provide a brief summary of current knowledge of the structure evolution function and regulation of these auxin transport facilitators.