Predicting Breast Cancer Subtypes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging Based Radiomics with Automatic Segmentation

Abstract

Objective The aim of the study is to demonstrate whether radiomics based on an automatic segmentation method is feasible for predicting molecular subtypes. Methods This retrospective study included 516 patients with confirmed breast cancer. An automatic segmentation - 3-dimensional UNet-based Convolutional Neural Networks, trained on our in-house data set - was applied to segment the regions of interest. A set of 1316 radiomics features per region of interest was extracted. Eighteen cross-combination radiomics methods - with 6 feature selection methods and 3 classifiers - were used for model selection. Model classification performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results The average dice similarity coefficient value of the automatic segmentation was 0.89. The radiomics models were predictive of 4 molecular subtypes with the best average: AUC = 0.8623, accuracy = 0.6596, sensitivity = 0.6383, and specificity = 0.8775. For luminal versus nonluminal subtypes, AUC = 0.8788 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8505-0.9071), accuracy = 0.7756, sensitivity = 0.7973, and specificity = 0.7466. For human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-enriched versus non-HER2-enriched subtypes, AUC = 0.8676 (95% CI, 0.8370-0.8982), accuracy = 0.7737, sensitivity = 0.8859, and specificity = 0.7283. For triple-negative breast cancer versus non-triple-negative breast cancer subtypes, AUC = 0.9335 (95% CI, 0.9027-0.9643), accuracy = 0.9110, sensitivity = 0.4444, and specificity = 0.9865. Conclusions Radiomics based on automatic segmentation of magnetic resonance imaging can predict breast cancer of 4 molecular subtypes noninvasively and is potentially applicable in large samples.