Cyber-physical systems, internet of things, and big data in industry 4.0: Digital manufacturing technologies, business process optimization, and sustainable organizational performance

Abstract

This article reviews and advances existing literature concerning cyber-physical systems, Internet of Things, and big data in Industry 4.0. Using and replicating data from BDO, Capgemini, eMarketer, Deloitte, the Manufacturer, McKinsey, Oracle, and PwC, I performed analyses and made estimates regarding the level of roles created due to artificial intelligence implementation (%), business areas affected by Industry 4.0 (%), greatest threats of inadequate Industry 4.0 investment (%), top challenges in changing strategy for Industry 4.0 and in implementing smart factory strategy (%), and levels of digital maturity by industry (%). Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.