Ultralow Limit Detection of Soluble HER2 Biomarker in Serum with a Fiber-Optic Ball-Tip Resonator Assisted by a Tilted FBG

Abstract

An optical-fiber biosensor has been developed for the detection of the breast cancer biomarker soluble human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (sHER2). The sensor was fabricated by combining a tilted fiber Bragg grating (TFBG) with a ball resonator, allowing us to achieve an excellent sensitivity compared to other optical-fiber-based sensors. The sensor exhibits a resonance comb excited by the TFBG and the spectral profile of the ball resonator. The detection of sHER2 at extremely low concentrations was carried out by tracking the amplitude change of selected resonances. The therapeutic anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody Trastuzumab has been used to functionalize the biosensor with silane surface chemistry. The sensor features a sensitivity of 4034 dB/RIU with a limit of detection (LoD) in buffer and in a 1/10 diluted serum of 151.5 ag/mL and 3.7 pg/mL, respectively. At relatively high protein concentrations (64 ng/mL) binding to sHER (7.36 dB) as compared to control proteins (below 0.7 dB) attested the high specificity of sHER2 detection.