Peroxidase-mimicking PtNP-coated, 3D-printed multi-well plate for rapid determination of glucose and lactate in clinical samples

Abstract

Three-dimensional printing (3DP) technologies provide great opportunities for prototyping devices with designed geometric functionality. As a further example of a multifunctional device manufactured using 3DP technologies, this paper describes a multi-well plate—fabricated using a fused deposition modeling-type 3D printer and then treated with a post-printing coating of peroxidase-mimicking platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs)—that (i) catalyzes the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), (ii) allows determination of substances that can be oxidized by their specific oxidases to produce H2O2, and (iii) facilitates measurement of the absorbance of samples after direct loading into a plate reader. After method optimization, the analytical applicability of the PtNP-coated 3D-printed multi-well plate was illustrated in terms of reusability and stability, reaction kinetics, analytical performance, and the respective determination of glucose and lactate concentrations in urine, plasma, serum, and brain microdialysate samples. Such post-printing functionalization schemes should promote 3DP technologies for the future fabrication of multifunctional devices and an expansion of their practical applications.