Seeking Alpha: Can Neurofeedback Actually Work?

Abstract

Neurofeedback Impacts Cognition and Quality of Life in Pediatric Focal Epilepsy: An Exploratory Randomized Double-Blinded Sham-Controlled Trial Morales-Quezada L, Martinez D, El-Hagrassy MM, et al. Epilepsy Behav. 2019;101(pt A):106570. doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106570. Objective: Children with epilepsy experience cognitive deficits and well-being issues that have detrimental effects on their development. Pharmacotherapy is the standard of care in epilepsy; however, few interventions exist to promote cognitive development and to mitigate disease burden. We aimed to examine the impact of 2 different modalities of neurofeedback (NFB) on cognitive functioning and quality of life (QOL) measurements in children and adolescents with controlled focal epilepsy. The study also explored the effects of NFB on clinical outcomes and electroencephalography (EEG) quantitative analysis. Methods: Participants (n = 44) with controlled focal epilepsy were randomized to 1 of 3 arms: sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) NFB (n = 15), slow cortical potentials (SCP) NFB (n = 16), or sham NFB (n = 13). All participants received 25 sessions of intervention. The attention switching task (AST), Liverpool Seizure Severity Scale, seizure frequency, EEG power spectrum, and coherence were measured at baseline, postintervention, and at 3-month follow-up. Results: In children and adolescents with controlled focal epilepsy, SMR training significantly reduced reaction time in the AST (P =.006), and this was correlated with the difference of change for θ power on EEG (P =.03); only the SMR group showed a significant decrease in β coherence (P =.03). All groups exhibited improvement in QOL (P ≤.05). Conclusions: This study provides the first data on 2 NFB modalities (SMR and SCP) including cognitive, neurophysiological, and clinical outcomes in pediatric epilepsy. Sensorimotor rhythm NFB improved cognitive functioning, while all the interventions showed improvements in QOL, demonstrating a powerful placebo effect in the sham group.