Antioxidant activities of chitobiose and chitotriose

Abstract

Chitooligosaccharides, the oligomers made up of β-1,4-linked D-glucosamine, are obtained by partial hydrolysis of chitosan, a deacetylation product of chitin. The antioxidant activity of various chitooligosaccharides was tested in vitro with aminoguanidine, pyridoxamine, and Trolox as reference compounds. Hydroxylation of benzoate to salicylate by H2O2 in the presence of Cu2+ was effectively inhibited by chitobiose, chitotriose, aminoguanidine, pyridoxamine, and Trolox (their IC50 values=18, 80, 85, 10, and 95 μM, respectively), whereas glucosamine and N-acetylchito-oligosaccharides (di-N-acetylchitobiose and tri-N- acetylchitotriose) did not show any inhibitory activity. Chitobiose and chitotriose were more potent than the 3 reference compounds in scavenging hydroxyl radicals produced by photolysis of zinc oxide: IC50 values of the 2 oligomers were 30 and 55 μM, respectively. Such a scavenging activity of these 2 chitooligomers was also shown by the use of another system, a mixture of Fe3+/EDTA/ascorbate/H2O2, for producing hydroxyl radicals. Only chitobiose and Trolox, of the 10 compounds tested, had the ability to scavenge superoxide radicals generated by a non-enzymatic system using phenazine methosulfate and NADH. Taken together with our unpublished observation that chitobiose and chitotriose are appreciably absorbed from the intestine of rats, the present results suggest that these 2 chitooligosaccharides would act as effective antioxidants in vivo when orally ingested. © 2003 Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.