Efeito de óleos essenciais como alternativa no controle de Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, em pimenta

Abstract

Colletotrichum spp. causes the disease known as anthracnose. Alternative methods that are efficient and less aggressive have been widely tested. Among these, there is interest in the scientific community by the use of essential oils extracted from plants. The subject of the present study was to evaluate the effect of essential oils eucalyptus, copaiba, andiroba, babassu, coconut, neem, grape seed, almond, mint and pau rosa in different concentrations on the development of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, "in vitro" and in fruits of pepper in post harvest. The experiment in vitro was performed using five concentrations (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0%) of the ten oils mixed with BDA. The variables were the radial growth rate. The test was done post-harvest immersion of the fruits of pepper for 5 minutes, the same oils used in the previous experiment, using the highest concentration. The fungus C. gloeosporioides was inoculated through wounds shortly after the immersion of the fruit. The evaluations were performed daily by measuring the diameter of the colonies and injuries, taking measurements at two diametrically opposite directions. It can be observed in experiment in vitro all oils, except for babaçu oil, grape seed and almond, excellent results were inhibiting the growth of fungus. The results obtained in post-harvest was observed that only the babaçu oil was not effective in reducing lesion development of anthracnose. Relevant data were observed for oils of grape seed and almond, which had no direct effect on the fungus in vitro, but in post-harvest treatment showed good results, reducing the damage caused by C. gloeosporioides, suggesting that these oils can be used to induce resistance in pepper fruit with anthracnose.