Prevalence of hypertension and predictive factors of self-efficacy among elderly people with hypertension in institutional-based rehabilitation in Indonesia

Abstract

Aim: Identification of hypertension factors among elderly people is expected to form appropriate nursing interventions to improve the self-efficacy of patients by modifying factors affecting the blood pressure of elderly people with hypertension. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of hypertension and predictive factors of self-efficacy among elderly people with hypertension in institution-based rehabilitation (IBR) in Indonesia. Methods: An IBR cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 64 elderly people selected through random sampling. Research data were collected using a structured questionnaire and standard protocol, employing a stethoscope and sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure. The data were then analysed using descriptive and comparative statistics, as well as multivariate linear regression analyses. Results: The prevalence of systolic and diastolic hypertension among elderly people who lived in the IBR were 31.30% and 45.30%, respectively. The predictors of self-efficacy of the elderly with regard to systolic hypertension were spiritual activity, length of stay, education, the occupation of the elderly before entering the rehabilitation, and dementia; while daily activities, risk of falling, pain, and depression anxiety and stress become significant predictors of self-efficacy in elderly people with diastolic hypertension. Conclusion: This study provides new evidence that signifies the current burden of hypertension and the critical factors of self-efficacy for uncontrolled hypertension among the elderly in the IBR. The study suggests that health-promotion programs should be developed to modify factors of hypertension among elders of IBR in Indonesia.