Effective self-similar expansion of a Bose-Einstein condensate: Free space versus confined geometries

Abstract

We compare the exact evolution of an expanding three-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate with that obtained from the effective scaling approach introduced in D. Guéry-Odelin [Phys. Rev. A 66, 033613 (2002)PLRAAN1050-294710.1103/PhysRevA.66.033613]. This approach, which consists in looking for self-similar solutions to be satisfied on average, is tested here in different geometries and configurations. We find that, in case of almost isotropic traps, the effective scaling reproduces with high accuracy the exact evolution dictated by the Gross-Pitaevskii equation for arbitrary values of the interactions, in agreement with the proof-of-concept of M. Modugno, G. Pagnini, and M. A. Valle-Basagoiti [Phys. Rev. A 97, 043604 (2018)2469-992610.1103/PhysRevA.97.043604]. Conversely, it is shown that the hypothesis of universal self-similarity breaks down in case of strong anisotropies and trapped geometries.