Psychological assessment of persons following suicide attempt by self-poisoning

Abstract

Background/Aim. Urgent psychiatric help and effective psychotherapeutic treatments are required soon after revival of a person after suicide attempt by self-poisoning. The aim of this article was to define an assessment of actual psychological characteristics of a person after suicide attempt by self-poisoning in order to apply psychotherapeutic crisis intervention after suicide attempt, as well as to show an approach to the treatment guided by the assessment that uses a psychodynamic model of suicidal crisis intervention based on our clinical experience. Methods. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D), Defensive Questionnaire Scale (DSQ-40), Scaling of Life Events (Paykel), and Pierce Suicide Intent Scale (SIS) were applied in 30 hospitalized persons following suicide attempt by self-poisoning and in 30 patients who had asked for psychiatric examination at the outpatient clinic due to various life crises not resulting in suicide attempt. The examinees of both groups were matched by sex, age, and education, professional and marital status. Comparison of the patient groups was done by the t-test. Logistic regression analysis was used for suicidal risk assessment. Results. The suicide attempters were depressed (HAMD = 22.60 ± 5.93, CES-D = 29.67 ± 7.99), with medium suicide risk factor (SIS = 4.5 ± 4.17), using immature (projection, dissociation, devaluation, acting-out) and neurotic (altruism) defense mechanisms. The most important motives for suicide attempt were separation problems, problems with parents and a problem of loneliness. The commonest feelings and thoughts of a subject preceding suicide attempt were a wish to escape an unbearable situation, loss of control, desire to show love for a partner and wish to be helped. After a suicide attempt, 90% of the persons felt relief because the attempt failed, although almost half of them intend to repeat it. The risk of repeated suicide attempt was 1.8 (90% CI = 0.09-37.70, p < 0.001) times higher if values on the SIS Total Score were increased and 1.62 (90% CI = 0.03-81.39, p < 0.001) times higher if values on the SIS 1 (Circumstances Score) subscale were increased, too. Conclusion. Before starting with psychotherapy for persons after suicide attempt by self-poisoning it is very important to define psychological assessment of a person, choose the treatment (out-patient clinic or inpatient/ hospital), assess indications for pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy that also must include a selection of patients for application of this therapeutic method. Assessment of conscientious and unconscientious conflicts leading to a suicide attempt represents initial basis for a therapist's work with a patient after suicide attempt and for application of psychotherapeutic crisis intervention.