Epidemiological Characteristics and Clinical Manifestations of Brucellosis and Q Fever Among Humans from Northeastern Inner Mongolia

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the distribution, epidemiology, and clinical symptoms of brucellosis and Q fever in northeastern Inner Mongolia. Methods: In this study, 64 townships of Bairin left flag and Alukerqin flag, Jarud flag and Horqin right front flag in four counties with frequent brucellosis and Q fever were selected. Epidemiological characteristics, clinical features, and exposure to risk factors were identified and descriptively analyzed in patients from these areas. Results: There were 367 brucellosis cases in the four regions and 78 positive cases of Q-fever infection. In addition, 24 cases of brucellosis and Q-fever co-infection were identified, with a co-infection rate of 1.13%. Brucellosis and Q fever were mainly concentrated in the 30–65 and 40–55 age groups. For brucellosis, the difference between age groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 29.121, P < 0.05). The sex distribution for brucellosis was 225 men (61.31%) and 142 women (38.69%), and 45 men (57.69%) and 33 women (42.31%) had Q fever. Those with brucellosis and Q fever were mainly farmers, accounting for 79.19% and 78.38% of the total number, respectively. Of the 367 cases of brucellosis infection, the main symptoms were joint pain (52.59%), fatigue (47.14%), lower back pain (38.96%), fever (33.24%), hyperhidrosis (28.88%), and muscle pain (20.44%). Of the 78 cases of Q-fever infection, the main symptoms were joint pain (35.90%), fatigue (30.77%), lower back pain (26.92%), fever (21.79%), and hyperhidrosis (17.95%). Muscle pain also accounted for 12.82%. Conclusion: Occupational distribution suggests that we should strengthen the protection measures against diseases infected through animal husbandry. Among the clinical symptoms, fever, hyperhidrosis and fatigue were associated with brucellosis, while fever, headache, and fatigue were significantly associated with Q fever.