Risk factors for failure of orthodontic mini-screws placed in the median palate

Abstract

This study investigated the stability of mini-screws placed in the median palate. The study included 25 patients (7 males, 18 females; mean age, 23.4 ± 5.6 years; age range, 15.0-34.5 years) who had mini-screws placed during orthodontic treatment at Nihon University School of Dentistry Dental Hospital. Mini-screws (diameter, 2.0 mm; length, 9.0 mm) were placed in the median palatal region; the first screw was inserted mesiodistally at the distal contact of the maxillary first molar, and the second screw was placed 6-9 mm mesial to the first screw. Immediately after placement, the placement sites were carefully examined with cone-beam computed tomography and a Periotest device. Screw stability was not related to perforation of the nasal cavity, patient age, or patient sex. The success rate was significantly higher in patients with screw-suture distances of 1.5-2.7 mm than in those with distances of 0-1.4 mm. Moreover, mini-screws could be stabilized when palatal cortical bone thickness was ≥1.5 mm. The success rate was significantly higher in the group with insertion depths of ≥4.5 mm. These results indicate that primary stability of mini-screws requires sufficient cortical bone thickness, insertion depth, and screw-suture distance.