Analiza stanu odżywienia mȩżczyzn chorych na raka jelita grubego

Abstract

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate dynamic nutritional status in male patients suffering from colorectal cancer. The assessments were based on anthropometric and biochemical parameters of patients (n = 60). Material and methods: The selection of patients for the study was performed by purposive sampling of database of patients treated in the Department of Oncology and Hematology, Central Clinical Hospital of the Polish Ministry of Interior in Warsaw. The selection criteria were: voluntary and informed consent to participate in this study, age between 18 and 70, diagnosed and treated colorectal cancer. The total group of patients (B) was divided into two subgroups, signed BN and BO. BN subgroup included patients whose fat-free mass index, measured by the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), where within the normal limits for their age and sex on the first day of the study. BO subgroup included patients with fat-free mass index below standard. Demographic data and tests results (total protein, total white blood cells count) were taken from medical notes. For anthropometric and survey research assessment the questionnaire - worked out specially to assess patients' nutrition status - was sent out. In order to make the measurements of nutrition status as precise as possible, the questionnaire contained an original set of questions, inquiring about concomitant diseases (like: diabetes, peptic ulcer diseases), and symptoms, which might disturb nutrition process (loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, changed sense of taste, diarrhea). Results: Subgroup BN - undernourishment in hardest degree was assessed in 8% of patients, in moderate degree - 22%, in light degree - 42%; while normal nutrition status was recognized in 28% of patients. Subgroup BO - undernourishment in hardest degree was recognized in 18% of patients, in moderate degree - 52%, in light degree 16%; while normal nutrition status was recognized in 14% of patients. It should be stressed that relation between medium duration of disease and undernourishment degree was statistically significant (p > 0.05) in BO subgroup. Longer medium duration correlated with the higher percentage of patients with hardest and moderate degree of undernourishment. Conclusions: 1. Most patients suffering from colorectal cancer who participated in our study were undernourished (91%) and had therefore high risk of developing cachexia. 2. Due to statistically significant relations between the medium duration of the disease and the degree of undernourishment, the therapeutic algorithm for colorectal cancer should be supplemented with a dynamic assessment of nutrition status. 3. Our research indicates, that the analysis of the nutrition status based on one index - BMI - only is unreliable. Comprehensive assessment requires extensive set of parameters, like: valid and usual BMI, percentage loss of body mass, detailed percentage composition of body mass and blood biochemical parameters. © Polskie Towarzystwo Onkologiczne.