High-pressure phase transition and equation of state of hydrous Al-bearing silica

Abstract

Stishovite, a rutile-structured polymorph of SiO2, is a main component of subducted basaltic lithologies in the lower mantle. At mid lower-mantle depths, a second-order ferroelastic transition to orthorhombic CaCl2-type (post-stishovite) structure occurs, causing extensive elastic shear softening. Previous studies showed that Al incorporation can decrease the transition pressure, while it is still debated whether H has a similar effect. Here we report the equations of state, structural evolution, and phase transformation of Si0.948Al0.052O1.983H0.018 (Al5) stishovite and Si0.886Al0.114O1.980H0.074 (Al11) post-stishovite samples using diamond-anvil cells in combination with synchrotron X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The Al5 sample transformed to the orthorhombic polymorph upon compression to 16 GPa, displaying a drop of ~12% in its bulk modulus across the transformation. The Al11 sample did not undergo any phase transition in the pressure range investigated. Single-crystal structural refinements and Raman spectroscopy measurements on the Al5 sample show that the soft optic mode B1g is decoupled from the tetragonal-to-orthorhombic structural transformation and shows a plateau in the stability field of post-stishovite, between 20 and 30 GPa. This observation indicates that the transformation is not pseudo-proper ferroelastic as in SiO2 stishovite and that existing Landau expansions are likely not applicable to H-rich Al-bearing silica samples. Using the equation of state parameters of orthorhombic Al5 and Al11 and literature data on SiO2 post-stishovite we then discuss the possibility of non-ideal mixing along the SiO2-AlOOH join.