Parenthood: Disrupting the Intergenerational Transmission of Social Disadvantage

Abstract

This chapter examines parenthood, arguably one of the most significant life course transitions in an individual’s life with consequences not just for the adults involved, but also children whose developmental outcomes are strongly influenced by parenting styles, practices and resources. We examine how parenting practices are influenced by social disadvantage, including disadvantage at the individual, family and community levels, arguing that this influence is complex and multi-directional, with reciprocal associations among children, parents, family systems and the broader social and economic ecology. Parenting support programs are an important means of interrupting the intergenerational transmission of disadvantage, but these programs require rigorous evaluation to ensure optimal use of resources and outcomes for children. We conclude by drawing attention to the need for programs that support parenting across all stages of the life course, including during emerging adulthood and grandparenthood.