Serum copper is a simple but valuable prognostic marker in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia

Abstract

We investigated the relationship between serum copper and various prognostic factors, time to start treatment, and treatment response in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and related disorders. Fifty newly diagnosed CLL patients aged 36–70 years were included. Patients were studied for serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum copper, direct Coombs’ test, serum β2 microglobulin (β2M), immunophenotyping for diagnosis of B-CLL, evaluation of CD38 and zeta-associated protein (ZAP-70) expression, and fluorescence in situ hybridization technique for cytogenetic analysis. Fourteen of 50 patients had high serum copper level; they had a significant increase in LDH, serum β2M, incidence of positive Coombs’ test, CD38 and ZAP-70, incidence of 17p del, and a decrease in hemoglobin concentration, lymphocyte doubling time and time to start treatment with a lower treatment response rate. No significant difference was found with regard to Rai staging for CLL. These results indicate that serum copper level, a cheap and simple laboratory test, is of great value in CLL patients as it showed a significant association with some important adverse prognostic markers such as increased expression of ZAP-70 and CD38, shorter time to start treatment and poor response to treatment.