Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Closed Head Injury: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CSVT) is a rare condition, causing 0.5% of all strokes only, several mechanisms might be involved in forming the thrombosis, including closed head injury. Methods: Systematic review was done by using the following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Clinical Trials, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science. Results: 25 articles met our criteria out of 152 articles, average and standard deviation of the age was 38.2 ± 16.8 years with an age range of 18–82. The majority of cases presented with loss of consciousness or decreased GCS (41%), followed by headache (26%), scalp abrasions/lacerations (21%), paralysis (18%), visual disturbance (18%), nystagmus (15%), and agitation (15%). The most commonly used diagnostic method was angiography. Thrombosis was the most frequently reported radiological finding among all the cases (26/34, 76%). Comparisons of outcomes between patients who underwent surgical intervention and those who did not undergo surgery revealed a significant difference in outcome favoring non-surgical treatment (p < 0.005, odds ratio (OR) 0.04, (95% CI) 0.003 – 0.30). Conclusion: Non-surgical outcomes were better than the surgical outcomes. However, no significant difference was seen comparing anti-coagulation versus conservative management (supportive without anticoagulation), single versus multi-sinuses (≥2 sinuses) involvement, and between any of the sinuses involved.