Gemmology

Abstract

2nd ed. 1. Introduction -- 2. The geological formation and occurrence of gemstones -- 3. The chemical composition of gemstones -- 4. Crystallography -- 5. Cleavage, parting and fracture -- 6. Hardness -- 7. Specific gravity, density and relative density -- 8. Colour, lustre and sheen -- 9. Reflection and refraction -- 10. Polarization and pleochroism -- 11. Spectroscopy -- 12. Luminescent, electrical and thermal properties of gemstones -- 13. The hand lens, microscope and Chelsea filter -- 14. Gemstone enhancement -- 15. Synthetic gemstones and gemstone simulants -- 16. Distinguishing between synthetic and natural gemstones -- 17. Identifying inorganic gemstone simulants -- 18. Organic gem materials and their simulants -- 19. The fashioning of gemstones -- C. The inorganic gems -- D. Man-made gems not occurring in nature -- E. Colour theory -- F. Examination notes and sample examination papers -- G. Gemstone constants -- H. Units of measurement -- I. Table of elements -- J. Table of principal Fraunhofer lines -- K. Gemstone weighing.