The Nature, Form and Functions of Yoruba Proverbs: A SocioPragmatic Perspective

Abstract

This study explicates the nature, form and functions of Yoruba proverbs from a socio-pragmatic perspective. The sample of Yoruba proverbs used in the study was collected at Ile-Ife in Oranmiyan Local Government Area of Oyo State between the 18 th and the 22 nd of April, 1985(about 29 years ago). A much recent sample of similar proverbs was collected between February 2010 and March 2012 randomly. Two methods used in the collection are (1) tape recording and (2) anonymous observation and note taking. The socio-pragmatic functions of Yoruba proverbs are discussed under (1) Educational Role and (2) Rhetorical Role and (3) Anecdotal Role. Our choice of Yoruba proverbs is predicated on the following: (1) The way and manner Yoruba people used proverbs in their various occasions and situations make them fascinating and appealing and (2) the manner in which socio-pragmatic functions are conveyed through them. Since much research is still needed as regard this aspect of language use, this paper therefore attempts to provide a new intellectual insight into the socio-pragmatic nature, form and functions of Yoruba proverbs used in Ile-Ife, in particular, and other Yoruba towns in general.