Quantum Pattern Classification in a Three-Qubit System

Abstract

The problem of pattern classification in quantum data has been of great importance over the past few years. This study investigates the effect of deploying Grover’s, the partial diffusion, and the fixed-phase algorithms separately to amplify the amplitudes of a desired pattern in an unstructured dataset. These quantum search operators were applied to symmetric and antisymmetric input superpositions on a three-qubit system for 20 iterations each. After each iteration, different probabilities of classification were calculated in order to determine the accuracy of classification for each of the three quantum search operators. The results indicated that, in the case of applying the three quantum search operators to incomplete superposition input states, the partial diffusion operator outperformed the other operators with a probability of correct classification that reached 100% in certain iterations. It also showed that the classification accuracy of the fixed-phase operator exceeded the accuracy of the other two operators by 40% in most cases when the input state was a uniform superposition, and some of the basis states were phase-inverted.