Quality of Life in Menopausal Women: Effects of Sociodemographic Factors and Symptoms

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the quality of life (QOL) of menopausal women in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, with a focus on understanding the sociodemographic factors and symptomatology influencing their well-being. Methods: A cross-sectional observational design utilizing semi-structured questionnaires was used. The data were collected from 320 menopausal women aged 30-60 years. Sociodemographic characteristics, menstrual history, menopausal symptoms, and QOL were evaluated using validated scales and statistical analyses. Results: Significant findings included a prevalence of hot flashes (68.3%) and depressive moods (73.1%) among the participants. Sociodemographic factors such as age (p=0.023), marital status (p=0.004), education (p=0.017), and religion (p=0.001) were significantly associated with QOL domains. Psychological symptoms, including anxiety and intrusive thoughts, significantly impacted work efficiency (p=0.014), family relationships (p=0.035), and home responsibilities (p=0.002). Overall, 70.0% of participants reported poor QOL, highlighting the substantial burden of menopausal symptoms on daily functioning and social interactions. Conclusion: Improving menopausal women's quality of life in Port Harcourt requires accessible education, tailored healthcare, and supportive policies. Integrating menopause awareness into primary healthcare and offering psychological support are crucial for symptom management and overall well-being. Empowering women with targeted resources and supportive environments will effectively enhance their quality of life during this life transition.