Stakeholder perspectives on the comprehensive review of the IMO STCW convention and code

Abstract

The Standards of Training, Certification, and Watchkeeping (STCW) Convention and Code are undergoing a comprehensive review by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), intending to adopt amendments by 2031, to ensure Maritime Education and Training (MET) remain aligned with technological and regulatory change. This study investigates how Human Element, Training and Watchkeeping (HTW) delegations conceptualise (i) the integration of emerging educational technologies and (ii) mechanisms to facilitate flexible, high-quality training environments within this review. A qualitative design was employed, combining document analysis of HTW submissions and proposals with semi-structured interviews, which were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings highlight opportunities to enhance competence development through advanced simulation technologies and to expand blended and flexible training models. However, persistent challenges were identified, including inconsistent interpretations of STCW standards, global disparities in simulator quality and training resources, and the lack of clear guidance for integrating new technologies into MET frameworks. The study offers actionable insights for maritime educators, including curriculum adaptation and instructor development, as well as for policymakers, such as establishing baseline simulator standards and harmonising interpretations of STCW provisions. The results contribute to ongoing discussions on aligning MET with the evolving demands of a digitalised and sustainable maritime sector.