International and Regional Legal Frameworks for Witness Protection: Promoting Peace and Justice Through Strong Legal Institution

Abstract

Objectives: This study examines the criminal protections established by international and regional conventions, as well as by international criminal courts, for participants in criminal proceedings, including witnesses, victims, informants, and experts, while ensuring these protections align with fair trial rights. The research highlights the importance of these measures in promoting peace, justice, and strong institutions.   Theoretical Framework:  The study is grounded in international and regional legal frameworks promoting justice, emphasizing the balance between protective measures and the defendant's rights.   Methodology: A comparative legal analysis of international conventions, regional agreements, and judicial practices, incorporating modern technologies in witness protection.   Results and Discussion: The findings reveal comprehensive protective measures, including anonymous testimonies, relocation, and identity concealment, supported by modern technological applications such as video conferencing. However, the study highlights ongoing challenges, including balancing protection with the rights of the defense and ensuring effective implementation in transnational crime cases.   Research Implications: The study underscores the need for unified global programs for witness protection, robust international cooperation, and dedicated funding to support protective measures without compromising fair trial principles.   Originality/Value: This research provides a novel integration of legal frameworks and technological advancements to address the complexities of protecting participants in criminal justice systems, contributing to the realization of sustainable development goals and reinforcing the credibility of judicial systems globally.