Cost-effective and facile preparation of Fe2O3 nanoparticles decorated N-doped mesoporous carbon materials: Transforming mulberry leaf into a highly active electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reactions

Abstract

Herein, a promising method to prepare efficient N-doped porous carbon-supported Fe2O3 nanoparticles (Fe2O3/N-PCs) ORR electrocatalysts is presented. The porous carbon was derived from a biomass i.e., mulberry leaf through a cost-effective approach. The existence of diverse compounds containing carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur in mulberry leaf benefit the formation and uniform dispersion of Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) in the porous carbon. In evaluating the effects of the carbon support on the Fe2O3 NPs towards the ORR, we found that the sample of Fe2O3/N-PCs-850 (Fe2O3/N-PCs obtained at 850 °C) with high surface area of 313.8 m2·g−1 exhibits remarkably superior ORR activity than that of materials acquired under other temperatures. To be specific, the onset potential and reduction peak potential of Fe2O3/N-PCs-850 towards ORR are 0.936 V and 0.776 V (vs. RHE), respectively. The calculated number of electron transfer n for the ORR is 3.9, demonstrating a near four-electron-transfer process. Furthermore, it demonstrates excellent longtime stability and resistance to methanol deactivation compared with Pt/C catalyst. This study provides a novel design of highly active ORR electrocatalysts from low-cost abundant plant products.